HTTP/1.1 workarounds: sharding, sprites, and bundling
type: TechArticle
description: Domain sharding and image sprites were workarounds for HTTP/1.1's connection limit; under HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 they hurt — drop them. Bundling is the nuanced one: stop concatenating to cut requests, start doing it to cut bytes.
language: en
is part of: Web Specification Studio
author: Web Specification Studio
publisher: Web Specification Studio
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date modified: 2026-06-20T00:00:00.000Z
citation: RFC 9113 — HTTP/2
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  publisher: IETF
citation: MDN — Evolution of HTTP
  type: CreativeWork
  publisher: MDN
citation: web.dev — HTTP/2 and you
  type: CreativeWork
  publisher: web.dev

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